Yeah, guess what, forming a solar system is messy and there are always a multitude of asteroids lurking, sometimes where you least expect. Planetary formation is a messy business.
Asteroids are fairly easy to pick out in the light of day, but quickly blend into the darkness absent from the sun. Slow down when visibility is poor.
Be aware of your ship’s tendencies to drift, perhaps the most common cause of asteroid collisions. Boost, boost, boost!
And don’t forget to clear your six.